Classification of microphones

According to its transduction principle, microphones can be divided into two types: electric microphones and condenser microphones. Among them, electric microphones can be further divided into dynamic microphones and ribbon microphones.

Common types of commercial microphones include condenser microphones, crystal microphones, carbon microphones, and dynamic microphones. There are two types of energy sources commonly used in capacitive microphones: DC bias power supply and electret film. These two types of condenser microphones and crystal microphones both convert sound energy into electrical energy, generating a changing electric field. Carbon microphone uses a DC voltage source to change its resistance through sound vibration, thereby converting sound signals into electrical signals. Capacitive, crystalline, and carbonaceous microphones all generate a voltage signal proportional to the displacement of the sensitive membrane, while dynamic microphones generate a voltage signal proportional to the vibration rate of the sensitive membrane. The dynamic microphone uses permanent magnets as the energy source and converts acoustic energy into electrical energy based on the inductive effect.